ANNEX II
INTRODUCTION
Why is it semi-colonial? Chairman Gonzalo teaches us that the modern Peruvian economy was born subjugated by imperialism, the final phase of capitalism masterfully characterized as monopolistic, parasitic and dying; imperialism that, while it allows our political independence, controls the entire Peruvian economic process, depending on how it serves its interests: our natural resources, export products, industry, banking and finances; in short, it sucks the blood of our people, devours our energies as a nation in formation and today it also exorbitantly squeezes us through foreign debt as it does with other oppressed nations. First, it reaffirms Lenin's thesis, which Chairman Mao accurately developed to define the semi-colonial character of our society. Lenin, in summary, stated that there are many forms of imperialist domination, but two are typical: colony, that is, the complete domination of the imperialist country over the oppressed nation or nations, and an intermediate form: semi-colony, that is, politically independent but economically subjugated, an independent republic that finds itself subjugated in the ideological, political, economic and military tangle of imperialism, no matter how much self-government it has. Thus, he rejects what revisionism used in the 1960s: "neo-colony", whose essence is to conceive that imperialism applies a milder form of domination and led them to the characterization of "dependent country". Then, applying Chairman Mao's thesis that a period of struggle is opening against the two superpowers that are fighting to divide up the world and that the main enemy of the moment must be specified, he defines that the main imperialism that dominates us is Yankee imperialism, but he affirms that we must ward off Russian social-imperialism that is penetrating the country more and more every day, as well as the action of the non-superpower imperialist powers; thus the proletariat, in leading the democratic revolution, is not tied to any superpower or imperialist power and maintains its ideological, political and organizational independence. In conclusion, it shows that Peruvian society is still a nation in formation and that its semi-colonial character subsists and can be seen in all fields and in the new conditions .„
(Democratic Revolution, First Congress of the Communist Party of Peru, 1988)
In the part of Annex I, we show how the LOD intends to revise Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, Gonzalo thought in regard to the problem of bureaucratic capitalism and the evolution of semi-feudalism. In this section we will finish exposing them in regard to the semi-colonial condition, about which the LOD, textually, says:
“The semi-colonial condition was evolved by the anti-imperialist struggle of the people, the people's war and, especially, the concurrence of foreign investment from various powers and countries that do not deny the predominance of Yankee imperialism (…) Peruvian society is capitalist, dependent on imperialism and on subsisting semi-feudal remnants. In short, the character of Peruvian society is capitalist.”
Here, the rats of the LOD, as applied emulators of the supporters of “imperialist economicism,” criticized by Lenin, jump from politics to economics, mixing an economic argument with a political argument and ending up with a mess, because if it is capitalist, pure and simple, then it does not suffer from the dependence on imperialist financial capital (from one or more imperialist countries); because the difference between a colony and a semi-colony in the era of imperialism is political, it lies in whether or not they have formal sovereignty.
Chairman Mao Tsetung, in Strategic Problems of the Chinese Revolutionary War, December 1936, on the problem at hand, states that:
“China is a semi-colonial country. The disunity among the imperialist powers causes disunity among the ruling groups of China. A semi-colonial country controlled by several States is different from a colony controlled by only one.”
Furthermore, in the same Volume I of the Selected Works, in The Tasks of the Communist Party of China in the Period of Resistance to Japan, May 3, 1937, the Chairman gives us a historical example of the development of external and internal contradictions in a semi-colonial country, that is, how the nation-imperialism contradiction “develops” when a single imperialist power or one in “alliance” with others invades a semi-colonial country to subject it to its colonial domination, the Chairman says:
1.The Present Stage of Development of China’s External and Internal Contradictions 1. As the contradiction between China and Japan has become the principal one and China’s internal contradictions have dropped into a secondary and subordinate place, changes have occurred in China’s international relations and internal class relations, giving rise to a new stage of development in the current situation (…)
3. Since the Incident of September 18, 1931 and especially since the Northern China Incident of 1935,1 the following changes have taken place in these contradictions:
(1) The contradiction between China and imperialism in general has given way to the particularly salient and sharp contradiction between China and Japanese imperialism. Japanese imperialism is carrying out a policy of total conquest of China. Consequently, the contradictions between China and certain other imperialist powers have been relegated to a secondary position, while the rift between these powers and Japan has been widened. Consequently also, the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese people are faced with the task of linking China’s anti-Japanese national united front with the world peace front. This means that China should not only unite with the Soviet Union, which has been the consistently good friend of the Chinese people, but as far as possible should work for joint opposition to Japanese imperialism with those imperial ist countries which, at the present time, are willing to maintain peace and are against new wars of aggression. The aim of our united front must be resistance to Japan, and not simultaneous opposition to all the imperialist powers. (...)
(5) In terms of relative political importance the development of the national contradiction between China and Japan has demoted the domestic contradictions between classes and between political groupings to a secondary and subordinate place. But they still exist and have by no means diminished or disappeared. The same is true of the contradictions between China and the imperialist powers other than Japan. Therefore, the Chinese Communist Party and the Chinese people are faced with the following task – to make the appropriate adjustments with regard to those internal and external contradictions which can and must be adjusted at present so as to fit in with the general task of unity against Japan. This is the reason for the Chinese Communist Party’s policies of peace and unity, democracy, bettering the life of the people and negotiations with foreign countries that are opposed to Japan.”
Due to its importance, we quote some extracts from the President's work as part of this annex II.1, fulfilling our purpose of serving the study of Marxist-Leninist-Maoist theory, Gonzalo thought and the analysis of the historical process to contribute to the revolutionary struggle for a new Peru within a new world:
ANNEX II.1
AND Editor's Note: This work is the result of the two-line struggle led by the President during the Second Revolutionary Civil War, in defense of the proletarian military line and specification of the path of revolution in China (CCCC), against the bourgeois military line, whose representatives advocated strictly following the experience of the revolutionary war in the Soviet Union and only studying Soviet military manuals. For this reason, the President, in this work, sets forth the position of one line in struggle with the other. Hence its great historical and theoretical importance in dealing with this specific problem of the revolution in our country and in the world.
Problems of Strategy in China’s Revolutionary War
December 1936
Chapter I
How To Study War
1. The laws of war are developmental
The laws of war are a problem which anyone directing a war must study and solve.
The laws of revolutionary war are a problem which anyone directing a revolutionary war must study and solve.
The laws of China’s revolutionary war are a problem which anyone directing China’s revolutionary war must study and solve.
We are now engaged in a war; our war is a revolutionary war; and our revolutionary war is being waged in this semi-colonial and semi-feudal country of China. Therefore, we must study not only the laws of war in general, but the specific laws of revolutionary war, and the even more specific laws of revolutionary war in China.
It is well known that when you do anything, unless you understand its actual circumstances, its nature and its relations to other things, you will not know the laws governing it, or know how to do it, or be able to do it well.
War is the highest form of struggle for resolving contradictions, when they have developed to a certain stage, between classes, nations, states, or political groups, and it has existed ever since the emergence of private property and of classes. Unless you understand the actual circumstances of war, its nature and its relations to other things, you will not know the laws of war, or know how to direct war, or be able to win victory. (…)
China’s revolutionary war, whether civil war or national war, is waged in the specific environment of China and so has its own specific circumstances and nature distinguishing it both from war in general and from revolutionary war in general. Therefore, besides the laws of war in general and of revolutionary war in general, it has specific laws of its own. Unless you understand them, you will not be able to win in China’s revolutionary war. Therefore, we must study the laws of war in general, we must also study the laws of revolutionary war, and, finally, we must study the laws of China’s revolutionary war.
(…)
Thus the different laws for directing different wars are determined by the different circumstances of those wars – differences in their time, place and nature. As regards the time factor, both war and its laws develop; each historical stage has its special characteristics, and hence the laws of war in each historical stage have their special characteristics and cannot be mechanically applied in another stage. As for the nature of war, since revolutionary war and counterrevolutionary war both have their special characteristics, the laws governing them also have their own characteristics, and those applying to one cannot be mechanically transferred to the other. As for the factor of place, since each country or nation, especially a large country or nation, has its own characteristics, the laws of war for each country or nation also have their own characteristics, and here, too, those applying to one cannot be mechanically transferred to the other. In studying the laws for directing wars that occur at different historical stages, that differ in nature and that are waged in different places and by different nations, we must fix our attention on the characteristics and development of each, and must oppose a mechanical approach to the problem of war.
(…)
Chapter II
I Characteristics of China’s Revolutionary War
1,The importance of
the subject
People who do not admit, do not know, or do not want to know t at China’s revolutionary war has its own characteristics have equated the war waged by the Red Army against the Kuomintang forces with war in general or with the civil war in the Soviet Union. The experience of the civil war in the Soviet Union directed by Lenin and Stalin has a world-wide significance. All Communist Parties, including the Chinese Communist Party, regard this experience and its theoretical summing-up by Lenin and Stalin as their guide. But this does not mean that we should apply it mechanically to our own conditions. In many of its aspects China’s revolutionary war has characteristics distinguishing it from the civil war in the Soviet Union. Of course it is wrong to take no account of these characteristics or deny their existence. This point has been fully borne out in our ten years of war.
(…)
Hence one can see that, without an understanding of the characteristics of China’s revolutionary war, it is impossible to direct it and lead it to victory.
2. What are the characteristics of china’s revolutionary war? What then are the characteristics of China’s revolutionary war? I think there are four principal ones.
The first is that China is a vast, semi-colonial country which is unevenly developed politically and economically and which has gone through the revolution of 1924-27.
This characteristic indicates that it is possible for China’s revolutionary war to develop and attain victory (…)
China is a semi-colonial country – disunity among the imperialist powers makes for disunity among the ruling groups in China. There is a difference between a semi-colonial country controlled by several countries and a colony controlled by a single country.
II. 2
Brief Introduction:
Lenin established that: “Imperialism is, among other things, the export of capital. Capitalist production is being transplanted with increasing speed to the colonies. It is impossible to free them from dependence on European financial capital.” “In our days a system of a handful of “great” imperialist powers (5 or 4) has been formed, each of which oppresses other nations. This oppression is one of the sources of the artificial delay in the collapse of capitalism and of the artificial support for the opportunism and social-chauvinism of the imperialist nations that dominate the world.”
The LOD cannot explain its alleged “evolution of semi-coloniality” through political analysis, so, in order to confuse the issue, they jump from the political to the economic when establishing their characterization of the country, which, it can be said, is a copy of the characterization of the country made by the revisionist tenseopignists of “Patria Roja” in their “VII Conference” (1972).
For us, as Lenin establishes and Chairman Mao develops, the difference is not in economic dependence (economic analysis), but in political analysis, that is, whether or not they have formal sovereignty, which requires answering the question of whether the oppressed country in question is controlled by one or several imperialist States?
Lenin, in his work ON. THE CARTOON OF MARXISM, ……
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