INTRODUCTION
Before transcribing the part of Chairman Gonzalo's speech, Report on Gonzalo's Thought, at the First Congress of the Communist Party of Peru (PCP), on the significance of World War II in World History, we transcribe the general information extracted from the bourgeois press, where we find some important factual data that will be clarified by the report:
1. General information:
World War II came to an end in Europe as Soviet troops celebrated the capture of Berlin and U.S. and U.K. forces advanced on northern and southern Germany.
It was May 8, 1945 (May 9 for countries in Eastern Europe), and the date is celebrated every year by all victorious countries in World War II, especially in Russia.
German dictator Adolf Hitler had committed suicide on April 30, 1945, the final capitulation was signed on May 8, 1945 in Berlin, the capital of the defeated Nazi regime in Germany, in front of representatives of the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and France.
Although the surrender ceremony took place on May 8, some countries, such as Russia and Belarus, commemorate it on May 9. This is because when the war in Europe formally ended, according to the signed document, on May 8 at 11:01 p.m. (Berlin time), it was already May 9 in Moscow and other time zones in the east.
World War II is an event of great transcendence. The prestige of the USSR was highly enhanced on earth, just look at the newspapers of that time, of course you were not born yet, that is the advantage of being older; I remember, comrades, when the victory, yes, I was in Callao, the port that you know right here, how the sirens of factories and ships sounded when Germany surrendered! Because the war was already won there, the other thing was already over, it was a world uproar, as I also remember, as if I saw it today, how the pages of the newspapers were already raising the atomic bomb like a club to scare fearful people, asking us, is there a risk of disintegration, will the earth disintegrate, a foolishness because if there had been such a risk, would scientists have dropped the atomic bomb? It makes no sense, that is, that is not seeing the political essence that directs war, weapons are used for political objectives; that little bomb killed a whopping 60 thousand people in Hiroshima; in Nagasaki there were 145 thousand and nevertheless Hiroshima is celebrated or remembered because it was the first time, but in Nagasaki there were 145 thousand, more. They are facts, then, of transcendence that are forming the minds of the people in those fragorosos times”.
After the necessary introduction above comes the announced part of the report, which we have entitled as follows:
World War II is an event of transcendence in the history of the world.
World War II is a fact of transcendence in the history of the world, strictly speaking it began in 1939 and ended in 1945 - excuse me if I enter into these expressions, I think it is necessary at least to remember them, because sometimes I think that some comrades may not know; if I am wrong, it is better to run the risk than not to know.
It is a world war in which on the one hand there is imperialist rapacity, the dispute for world hegemony that Germany under Hitler demanded for itself; but on the other hand it is the defense of socialism and the development of the revolution, yes, it is very clear and it is correct that the war waged then by the USSR was a Great Patriotic War.
I insist, sometimes comrades, we fight revisionism relentlessly and we want to forget certain things, it was a just war of defense, a Great Patriotic War, that is how it was correctly defined, that is why; and of development of the world revolution because in addition to that glorious heroic defense that cost the USSR 20 million men, we have an anti-imperialist struggle that will unfold in oppressed nations, mainly in China.
And why do we say mainly in China, it is good to remember that in China 60% of the Japanese army was retained for a long time; that is why we do not agree when we simply speak of the western front, of the eastern front but taking everything as it was fought in Europe, and we do not agree with it.
It is the great war of resistance of oppressed nations, such as China, Korea, Burma, Indonesia, the Philippines, etc., where precisely the imperialists fled like rats and it was the peoples of those nations who took up arms; those who were lucky enough to have a Communist Party triumphed and advanced and those who did not, at least escaped in a transactional way from being colonies, such as Indonesia, which ceased to be, as a result of that war, a colony of Holland.
In that war there was a sinister plan: the crusade against the USSR, and I stress the word crusade because of its medieval roots which clearly expresses its reactionary nature and because that is how it was proposed by Hitler himself, as an anti-Bolshevik crusade, because the black dream they had was to wipe the USSR off the face of the earth; futile, a dream of glass, it crashed against the power of the dictatorship of the proletariat, with the leadership of the Party and of Comrade Stalin, of the Russian proletariat, of the Russian people.
Comrades, heroic pages: Stalingrad, the greatest struggle of war in cities, of war in the streets, the one that generates the most mortality, there they fought not only house by house but room by room: they are chapters that have shaken the world.
There we have also seen very clearly the dirty, artful game of the imperialist allies: the United States, England, I am not talking about France because it was occupied -and it was occupied in 18 days-, artful who were delaying the opening of the invasion of Europe from the north in order to strike at the heart of Germany, seeking that fascist Germany would defeat the USSR.
We all know, and we must remember it comrades, that fascist offensive headed by the Nazis to which the Italian fascists and Franco's Spanish fascists contributed, and which used all the economic power of subjugated Europe, threw a million and a half men, the cream of the German army, 75% of its air force, penetrated. But wisely C. Stalin had handled diplomacy with great subtlety -these are things that (....) the German-Soviet pact (...) ) the German-Soviet pact was necessary (...) some say, but that did not free the USSR from the invasion, they do not know what they are talking about, one thing was to gain time and another thing was that Germany would necessarily hit the USSR, reason: it could not continue to advance in the West with a powerful enemy at its back and with a fertile and very rich land of fabulous potential; yes comrades, that must be recognized, we must understand reality as it is because that way we even understand what those social imperialists and a people of over 200 million are based on today, that was inevitable. Here we must emphasize the shrewdness and penetration of the Soviet intelligence service, that was the intelligence service. They say that it was of no use - I think they are silly burps.
What could Russia do in the face of such an onslaught? Well, to apply a strategic defensive and that is what was done -we as communists and handling people's war understand what a strategic defensive is- and that is what was done, together with scorched earth, to leave them nothing, bare earth; and they had the audacity, the high decision to blow up monumental works such as that famous dam that joins the Volga with the Don which cost so many years of effort, it was blown up; the Germans never dreamed, they thought that this work would not be blown up because it was too important and had cost so much effort. Comrades, the dictatorship of the proletariat was at stake, the revolution was at stake, we cannot stop to think nor can we simply allow ourselves to be hindered as Chairman Mao says, by the defense of inches of land not of junk; that is what we communists are like.
They crashed at the gates of Leningrad, at the gates of Moscow and Stalingrad; but not only did they scorched earth but they left behind guerrillas and even men individually with their good rifle and a good amount of ammunition and their vodka for the cold and to annihilate one of those, the Germans had to lose 10 men, that is the average comrades. It was not as easy as the Germans thought; think about it, comrades. That this offensive is a high quality military plan, thus, the highest and most enlightened German military chiefs elaborated this plan and the German school has a proven war tradition many times: in three months they were going to conquer the USSR, in three months.
The foresight of C. Stalin had already taken measures since the thirties when there was the great transformation of the countryside and industry, they had already transferred factories beyond the Urals even foreseeing the possibility of abandoning even Moscow, because it is true, everything was already ready in case they could not ultimately defend Moscow, even if that was the decision taken, it was already planned to move the leadership and the center to the Urals; thus, the first thing that was done was to take measures for the transfer of Lenin because he could not fall into the dirty hands of miserable sons of hell, he could not fall. But what was the order then, comrades, after they had penetrated to the aforementioned gates, the order was not to retreat any further; you will say, and how were there such plans to go to the Urals, comrades, there is always a plan in case it fails, there is never only one plan, that is of the unintentional, there are plans for various circumstances and even extreme ones.
It is very memorable and we must always remember how on November 7, the anniversary of the revolution, they had no place to celebrate it and it was considered impossible to fulfill it; comrade Stalin said: “to the station!”, “but there is no platform there, there are no seats there”, comrade Stalin stopped a box, standing on it he spoke celebrating the revolution and said: “how many were we when we conquered the Power, what forces did we have when we rejected the immediate imperialist aggression against the October Revolution? Few and weak! compared to what we are today, therefore they will not defeat us, we will crush them! and we will annihilate the beast in its own den, in Berlin”, did he not say so? Comrades, these are things that one must remember, just like that one cannot judge Stalin, that is why the Party says that we must see World War II.
It is well known how after that came the great resistance, the breaking of the German lines, the Stalingrad pocketing where the commanders (asked Hitler for authorization to retreat) (...) but here, he told them, “the Aryans do not retreat, the Aryans cannot be defeated by barbarians, by Mongols, by inferiors”, yes, but those inferiors, barbarians, Mongols, were hunted like rats and had to surrender.
It is always good to reiterate this: Stalin, who managed the war with skill and wisdom, always took into account the moral element and made all the defeated and surrendered Nazis parade and throw their flags, their eagles, their swastikas at the foot of Lenin's mausoleum; not only great military defeat, great moral defeat, the arrogance, the Nazi arrogance had been sunk in the mud and trampled, it was the greatest moral blow he received, there began the breakdown of the Nazi army.
The other resistance of the 300,000 of the heroic race that would prevent the access of the Russians to Germany, the Soviet offensive of the Red Army blew it into a thousand pieces and 300,000 more men were blown up; Germany was done, of course, comrades. That is when the imperialist westerners rushed to disembark in Normandy, why, because the Red Army, the communists and communism advanced threateningly over all Europe, that was it; but we well know that at the beginning of May, the Red Army took Berlin and in the Reichstag, the corporate parliament that they had, they nailed the red flag with the hammer and sickle, for eternal memory the photographs remain. Hitler committed suicide, as we well know, he was even incinerated because he knew what would happen if he remained, they would not forgive him; the westerners, perhaps they, but the USSR would not forgive him.
The other great front, in the East, has China as its center, where the Japanese army became mired in a sea of masses, mined, undermined by guerrilla warfare; various oppressed nations took up arms against them; the Westerners “supported” and then returned, it is good to remember MacArthur, the best cadet that West Point has had, that is to say the military school of the United States, one of the highest strategists that the USA has given, he had his headquarters in the Philippines, what did he do? He retired pronouncing what his famous phrase says: “I will return!”, yes, when the Japanese were defeated, that is the part he did not say, of course, comrades, because we will return, yes, they did return, but when they returned, well, when the Japanese were undermined, undermined by the struggle in China and in the various oppressed nations of the East.
It is therefore the oppressed peoples who have resisted the Japanese beast that is once again returning to its old ways. Just think of this so that you can see what it has cost the United States, 100,000 soldiers, that is all that World War II has cost them, most of them dead in the East, you see? And fearing that having concluded the war on the European western front, and as the agreements said, the USSR should turn its front against Japan, fearing that the Red Army would expand, then they had to use the atomic bomb; yes, there you can clearly see how politics directs the war, the Japanese were going to be crushed, they could not resist, justifications that they want to give us today are just that, justifications.
All that great event of World War II shook the world and marked men and gave good fruits; not everywhere, yes, but it even gave mediatized fruits, for example, France and Italy, revisionist reason, let themselves be robbed of the triumph, the fruits of victory by having guerrillas of 500 thousand men, of 300 thousand men, forged in that heroic resistance of the European class and peoples that must also be taken into account.
Thus, World War II is an event of great significance. The prestige of the USSR was highly enhanced on earth, just look at the newspapers of the time, of course you were not born yet, that is the advantage of being older; I remember, comrades, when the victory, yes, I was in Callao, the port that you know right here, how the sirens of factories and ships sounded when Germany surrendered! Because the war was already won there, the other thing was already over, it was a world uproar, as I also remember, as if I saw it today, how the pages of the newspapers were already raising the atomic bomb like a club to scare fearful people, asking us, is there a risk of disintegration, will the earth disintegrate, a foolishness because if there had been such a risk, would scientists have dropped the atomic bomb? It makes no sense, that is, that is not seeing the political essence that directs war, weapons are used for political objectives; that little bomb killed a whopping 60 thousand people in Hiroshima; in Nagasaki there were 145 thousand and nevertheless Hiroshima is celebrated or remembered because it was the first time, but in Nagasaki there were 145 thousand, more. These are facts, then, of transcendence that are forming the minds of the people in those fragorous times.