Report on the international
situation
Proletarians of all countries, unite!
THE WORLD SCENE
A REPORT ON THE INTERNATIONAL SITUATION IN RELATION TO THE
"UKRAINE CRISIS"
Introduction
This report analyses the facts, the different statements,
positions of the imperialist representatives and opinions in
the bourgeois media of the different countries involved in the
so-called "Ukraine crisis", their interrelation and the
internal contradictions and above all the fundamental
contradictions today on international level and among them,
the main contradiction.
Ukraine is a burning point of the situation, which shows the
sharpening of all contradictions that beset imperialism as an
expression of its further decomposition, which opportunism
wants to cover up in order to try to deny the development of
the unevenly developing revolutionary situation, which with
the uneven development of the subjective conditions in the
world indicates that the world is entering a new period of
revolutions. The economic basis or international economic
relations is the oppression by a handful of imperialist
countries over the oppressed (colonial or semi-colonial)
nations.
As Lenin teaches us: „[…] all the basic contradictions ... of
imperialism, which are leading up to revolution [...], are all
connected with this partitioning of the world’s population.“1
That is to say, the distribution of the booty. On this basis,
the exploitation of the world has increased in the last
decades by finance capital, by imperialist monopolies, by
imperialism, on this basis, the power of the bourgeoisie over
the proletariat in the imperialist countries has also grown
immensely, which the bourgeois sociologists express as
"growing inequality" and "precariousness of employment" and
other expressions that indicate the worsening of the
exploitation and oppression of the class.
The report shows that the same contenders of the two world
wars are preparing a third world war, but in the present
situation none of the imperialist countries is in a position
to start it, when this happens then the third world war will
take place. Imperialism is violence and reaction all along the
line. It is violent capitalism as opposed to the "peaceful
capitalism" of its pre-monopoly stage.
In the face of this, what is the role of revolutionaries? To
prevent it and if necessary to be ready to face it. How to
prevent it? By making revolution in each country through
people's war to converge into world people's war and sweep
imperialism and reaction off the face of the earth. And, in
case of a world war, how to confront it? Also with people's
war that is being waged in the different countries up to the
world people's war in order to oppose the imperialist world
w a r . T h i s i s h o w w e u n d e r s t a n d p r e p a r i n g f o r a l l
circumstances.
The development of the class struggle on the international
level has its expression in the explosiveness and great
activity of the masses all over the world. The task of the
communists is to lead them by reconstituting or constituting
militarised Marxist-Leninist-Maoist Communist Parties to
initiate new people's wars as fast as possible in addition to
the existing ones in order to make revolution and sweep
imperialism and reaction off the face of the earth. This task
demands an inseparable and irreconcilable struggle against
imperialism, reaction and revisionism.
The unevenly developing revolutionary situation in the world
is the basis for our revolutionary action to transform it. As
Lenin stated in similar situations: "It is now necessary to
"prove" in practice that revolutionary parties have sufficient
consciousness, organisation, linkage with the exploited
masses, decisiveness and ability to take advantage of this
crisis to successfully carry out the victorious revolution".
Today, this demands taking advantage of the situation to give
a powerful new impetus to the ongoing people's wars in India,
Peru, the Philippines and Turkey and in those where it has not
yet begun, it is up to complete the reconstitution or
constitution of the Communist Party as a militarised Marxist-
Leninist-Maoist party to initiate the people's war.
Lenin, too, touhgt us that the economic basis of opportunism
in the workers' movement is the extra-profit (super-profit),
which the imperialists derive from the exploitation of the
oppressed nations through the export of capital from which
they throw crumbs to the upper stratum of the workingclass.
These are the deep economic roots of this phenomenon. This
disease has been prolonged and its treatment has been more
protracted than optimists might have expected. Our main enemy
in the proletarian movement is opportunism. Opportunism in the
upper stratum of the workers' movement is not proletarian
socialism, but bourgeois socialism. The bourgeoisie could not
maintain itself if they did not lead the workers. There is our
main enemy, and we must defeat it. Therefore, fulfilling the
task demands an inseparable and irreconcilable struggle
against imperialism, reaction and revisionism.
REPORT
In the last weeks and months, the inter-imperialist
contradictions, particularly between US imperialism and
Russian imperialism, have intensified in a publicly
perceptible manner. The developments concerning Ukraine, the
core of contention, are particularly striking. We have already
published several documents on this subject (we refer
specifically to the document on the defeat of US imperialism
in Afghanistan), which in their entirety build the basis of
this report.
Three decades of the development of the international
situation concentrated
The international situation has reached a point where much of
what has developed in the three decades since the bankruptcy
of Soviet social-imperialism is concentrated. The Yankees have
displaced Russia, the successor of the former Soviet Union,
from its domains in the Balkans, including the countries of
the former Yugoslavia, Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and
now targets the countries of West and Central Asia through
subversion, its so-called "low intensity warfare" and through
the war against these oppressed nations, now targeting the
countries of Central Asia. Thus, the partition and repartition
of the oppressed countries from the sphere of
influence of Russian imperialism to the sphere of influence of
US imperialism and other imperialist powers, in collusion and
struggle, has taken place. This development has reached a
point where the US imperialists want to sanction what they
have won on the negotiating table and the Russian imperialists
are trying to draw a last line of demarcation, taking
advantage of the fact that US imperialism wants to lower the
tension in this hot spot in order to concentrate on another
hot spot that threatens to ignite, the Indo-Pacific region.
In the hot spot of Ukraine, different interests and two
contradictions are expressed, that is obvious: Ukraine, the
oppressed nation; the USA the sole hegemonic superpower and
Russia that wants to defend its interests there, that is
obvious. In addition, there are the interests of Germany and
France as secondary actors. England is at the tail of the
United States. Germany, by its representatives' own admission,
is the most economically involved in Ukraine and also has
interests in its relationship with Russia at different levels.
In correlation with the “Ukraine-crisis” there were a series
of meetings, preliminary investigations, in which various
forces tried to find out what possibilities and needs exist
for them in the current situation.
One of the more important meetings in this sense is
undoubtedly the one on 10 January in Geneva. There, secondlevel
representatives of US and Russian imperialism,
delegations headed by US Secretary of State Wendy Sherman and
Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Riabkov, explained
their respective positions for the first time in an eight-hour
session.
“But in the meeting, the two delegations maintained their
positions without compromise. The attitude was positive, which
seems to promote the possibility of a future agreement,
especially through the commitment to continue negotiations.
Russia explicitly stated that it did not want to invade
Ukraine and praised the "professionalism" of the delegations.
The US did not back down on either its criticism or the idea
of providing military assistance to Ukraine and called for
"mutual measures that would be in the interests of security".
[…] Riyabkov was optimistic about his country's demand that
NATO not expand but reduce its military presence near Russia:
"We have the impression that the United States took the
Russian proposals very seriously," he said. "The situation is
not desperate," the diplomat said, although "the risks
associated with a worsening of the development of the
confrontation should not be underestimated." "Progress is
needed, a real gesture must be made towards Russia and that
must come from NATO," urged the deputy minister, who insisted
that Ukraine should "never, ever" join NATO.
[…] On the other hand, Sherman reported that the United States
“has put forward a set of ideas that the countries can adopt
as reciprocal measures that will benefit common security
concerns” and “return to common security interests and enhance
strategic stability.” She lowered her counterparts optimism,
warning that NATO's "open door" policy would continue despite
Moscow's pleas.”2
Moreover, on 21 January a meeting between US and Russian
foreign ministers took place in Geneva. Nothing of exceptional
significance was decided there, although it was announced that
a U.S. document in response to the Russian proposal would be
delivered within a week. This letter was delivered on 26
January, together with a NATO document.
Wendy Sherman said on Wednesday: "We are definitely seeing all
the signs that he (Vladimir Putin - Kommersant) will use
military force at some point, probably between now and mid-
February".3
US Secretary of State Blinken said:„The U.S. response “sets
out a serious diplomatic path forward should Russia choose
it,” Mr. Blinken said at a news briefing in Washington. He
said he expects to speak in the coming days with his Russian
counterpart, Sergey Lavrov, once Russian officials have read
the American paper and are “ready to discuss next steps.”
The document suggests “reciprocal transparency measures
regarding force posture in Ukraine, as well as measures to
increase confidence regarding military exercises and maneuvers
in Europe,” Mr. Blinken said, as well as nuclear arms control
in Europe.“4
In addition: „“Our responses were fully coordinated with
Ukraine and our European allies and partners,” U.S. Secretary
of Antony Blinken said in remarks. But, he noted, “we’re not
releasing the document publicly.”“5
It is obvious that both are aiming for a general agreement
that will guarantee them some security. Russian imperialism in
particular needs this security. Its position in the
confrontation with the Yankees is a defensive one. Russian
imperialism faces thirty years of progressive encirclement by
the Yankees, including through its subordinate "partners".
However, within this defensive, Russian imperialism is also
developing offensive actions to gain the initiative.
The Yankees, on the other hand, want to sanction at the
negotiating table what they have won on the battlefields over
the past three decades. However, it is tactically important
for the US to conclude an agreement that guarantees them as
far as possible that no "accident" will happen, because
Russian imperialism, although economically only a secondranked
imperialist power, is still a nuclear superpower. And
especially in the present situation of increased difficulties
of US imperialism, it seeks to lower the tension in this
Eurasian hot sport, which reaches as far as up to the socalled
expanded Middle East, in order to concentrate on what
President Biden has declared the priority of his foreign
policy, the Indo-Pacific region, i.e. the containment of
social-imperialist China in its efforts to become the dominant
power in the region. Here the statements of (now former)
German Navy Admiral Schönbach at a security meeting in India
take become significant.
“NATO, according to its General Secretary, has mentioned a
number of issues to the Russian delegation on which it wants
to enter into talks with Russia and from which negotiations
could emerge. Among other things, there is a need to increase
transparency in military exercises and reduce the risk of
cyber threats. NATO wants to start broad-based arms control
talks, which may include mutual limitations on missiles.”6
In the current situation in relation to the “Ukraine-crisis”-
scenario, the contradictions of the period from the 1990s to
the present are expressed in concentrated form. This period is
marked by the consequences of the bankruptcy of Soviet
revisionism and the dismantling of the USSR – i.e. one of the
superpowers that contended for world hegemony –, without a
world war, went into dissolution and the other superpower, US
imperialism, became the sole hegemonic imperialist superpower.
In this capacity, it grasped the task, in collusion and
competition with the other powers, of being the one to divide
and share the cake, i.e. the countries that were under the
orbit or zone of influence of the former social-imperialist
Soviet Union.
The tactical quests and conflicting interests of the
imperialists
We reiterate the tactic of the Yankees to encircle Russian
imperialism and cause disorder and trouble also within Russia
and the former Soviet republics, i.e. today’s semi-colonies,
which are mainly dominated by Russian imperialism. The Yankees
strive for Russia to get more and more involved politically
and militarily in these countries, as in Afghanistan in the
1980s.
The Yankees explain it like this:„Gen. Mark Milley, the top US
military official, spoke to his Russian counterpart a few
weeks ago. He reportedly pointed out that an invasion would be
followed by a campaign of resistance similar to the one that
drove the Soviets out of Afghanistan and demoralized the
slumping superpower.“7
The Chinese: „The International Center for Not-for-Profit Law
(ICNL) estimates there are 38,000 active NGOs in Kazakhstan
while the majority of them ̶ some say around 20,000 ̶ are
funded by US and European countries by way of grants and
donations, including the US Agency for International
Development (USAID), the National Endowment for Democracy
(NED), and Freedom House.“8
Russian media agree: “As soon as Russia decides that it has to
protect the two people’s republics of Donetsk and Luhansk, its
army should suffer a phlebotomy. Together with the sanctions
threatened in this case and then implemented, it is expected,
such bloodshed would bring Russia to its knees domestically. A
Maidan on Red Square then could be reached very quickly,
judging by events in neighbouring Kazakhstan, where there was
much less reason for it.
The second explanation, however, only becomes visible in the
context of the current negotiations on legally binding mutual
security guarantees between Russia on the one hand and the US
and NATO on the other. Here, the presence of NATO troops in
and around Ukraine, as well as military aid to Ukraine, are
intended to artificially inflate the importance of this issue
in these negotiations to make it the sole focus of the
negotiations.”9
On the other hand, the defensive of Russian imperialism, which
tries to gain the initiative within this defensive to break
the encirclement as demonstrated in 2014 by taking Crimea,
Donetsk and Luhansk and through other offensive actions, as by
the military operation in Kazakhstan. In addition, new Russian
military developments, such as new stealth drones, are being
launched in the press.
“According to President Vladimir Putin, Russia and the CSTO
military alliance he leads will not allow any destabilisation
or even “colour revolutions” in the states of the former
Soviet Union. This was underlined by the Russian head of state
[…].”10
It should be stressed that the Americans have clear conflicts
with their allies, which are not conducive to their plans:
“The fronts are hardened. And since Nato does not have a plan,
the Kremlin has an advantage. […] The talks at the NATO-Russia
Council can be interpreted in two directions. The first
represented the American Diplomat Kurt Volker, who told CNN
that NATO’s failure to quickly deter Russia from attacking
Ukraine has increased the threat of a military invasion by
Russia. He sees an attack as more likely because although NATO
is threatening to sanction Russia after an invasion, it is not
preventing such an invasion. This is exactly what President
Putin wanted to explore.”11
Which spheres are involved?
It is about parts of Eastern Europe, the Balkans and Central
Asia, as well as Syria, which is important for Russia’s access
to the Mediterranean. The Russian imperialists complain that
the contractual guaranteed non-eastwards-expansion of NATO was
violated. They want NATO to adhere to its 1997 status,
withdraw its troops from the border areas and never ever allow
Ukraine to become a member of NATO. To illustrate the
development: Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary have
become NATO members since 1999, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,
Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia since 2004, Albania
and Croatia since 2009, Montenegro since 2017 and North
Macedonia since 2020.
In Asia, it becomes clear that US imperialism has succeeded in
bringing together two powers that have been in serious and
very serious conflict with each other for centuries (with the
exception of the times of the socialist Soviet Union and the
People’s Republic of China):
„So far, the US and the West have slapped more than 100
sanctions on Russia, sparing no effort to suppress a major
power “from a position of strength.” Before this dialogue, the
US and NATO had warned Russia with a sense of intimidation. In
the dictionary of Washington, “respect” is rarely seen.
Washington’s real intent is to pressure Russia until it
surrenders, so as to get rid of this threat to US hegemony for
good.
In a sense, the US has brutally forced Russia to become an
“enemy.” With this “enemy,” Washington can hold Europe closer
to itself. While pushing NATO to expand eastward, the US is
also hyping Russophobia in Europe. Consequently, relatively
new members to NATO are generally hostile to Russia. The anti-
Russia sentiment is at a peak in Ukraine, which is not a wise
move for the country. Because this will put it at risk between
two major powers – but this meets Washington’s strategic
demands.
Talking about these meetings, US Secretary of State Antony
Blinken said, “We can’t go back to a world of spheres of
influence” like the one during the Cold War era. However, from
South America to Central America, from Southeast Asia to
Northeast Asia, which country on earth is ganging up and
forming “small circles”? As the Warsaw Pact dissolved and many
former Soviet states have tilted toward the West, with some
having become NATO members, which country is the one
cultivating “spheres of influence”?
To some extent, China can empathize with what Russia is going
through. In Europe, Washington is trying its best to contain,
suppress, and squeeze out Russia through mechanisms such as
NATO; in the Asia-Pacific region, it is trying to pressure
China with similar tricks. Perhaps the US’ successful
experience in the Cold War has made the US overconfident so
that the American political elites have taken out their rusted
Cold War weapons against the world in a new era.
Nevertheless, the world has already changed. It will
eventually be proven that the infringement of other countries’
core interests and the violation of international equality and
justice will not bring another “victory” to Washington as it
has wished.
Washington still has deep-rooted hegemonic thinking, but its
hegemony is something tough outside but cowardly inside.
Therefore, the world has seen a tangled US: It on one hand
acts maliciously against other major powers but cannot really
give up negotiations on the other hand. As a matter of fact,
the US doesn’t have much capital to squander on great-power
relations; its “position from strength” cannot support its
hegemonic ambitions. And the times will not give it such an
opportunity either.“12
At the same time, Chinese social-imperialism – in its process
of decomposition towards its bankruptcy, confronted with
serious internal problems, trying to distract attention from
them – is taking advantage of the situation in which all media
attention is focused on “Corona” or the “Ukraine-crisis”.
Thus, despite the considerable tensions caused by the
situation in the South China Sea, Beijing transferred $20
million in military “aid” to the Duterte regime. In addition,
Chinese Air Force J-16D fighter jets have repeatedly entered
Taiwan’s13 airspace.
And what are the needs of Russian imperialism? The withdrawal
of nuclear-capable medium-range missiles from Europe, i.e.
from the vicinity of Russia. The Yankees and their subordinate
“allies” will not comply. So the Russians remaining possible
option is a buffer zone consisting of their former semicolonies.
“The US official also said she proposes to continue these
dialogues soon to get into details, particularly with regard
to missile deployments. In that regard, Sherman said it is an
opportunity to revive the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces
Treaty, which the US withdrew from in 2019 after years of
accusing Moscow of non-compliance. Thus, Washington proposed
to address the intermediate-range missile position and agreed
to “establish formulas for setting mutual limits on the scale
and scope of military exercises.””14
When it came to the question of troop deployments, presumably
in particular the deployment of US troops in Ukraine from 8
December 2020, but also NATO troops in Eastern Europe in
general, the Yankees response was clear: „”We have not
discussed the number of American soldiers. I do not think this
point is on the agenda, it is not under consideration. This
question is not a point of discussion”, said Wendy Sherman.“15
„“NATO in our understanding is an organization that is created
for confrontation, not protection. And NATO is not a dove of
peace, stability and prosperity. And this weapon of
confrontation was moving closer and closer to our borders
every day,” Peskov [press-secretary of Kreml] said in an
interview with CNN.“16
„”Russian diplomacy sees how the situation in the Euro-
Atlantic region has degraded, taking into account the NATO
factor,” he said during an online briefing at the Rossiya
Sevodnya international multimedia press center. According to
him, “the North Atlantic Alliance, together with the European
Union, in fact, displaces the OSCE from the matrix of European
security.””17
„The ruse may look on paper like a win-win for Putin. Perhaps
the Russian people believe Putin’s manufactured claims that
Ukraine poses a danger against the much larger and betterarmed
forces. But, in the longer run, this maneuver could well
backfire.
Russia’s menacing stance toward Ukraine, its continuing
threats even as the talks proceeded, are solidifying the
Kremlin’s image as that of a bully endangering its neighbors.
The more Putin threatens, the more he unwittingly makes
evident why Russia’s neighbors believe they need to join NATO
to protect themselves.
Ukraine, of course, poses no serious military threat to
Russia. It used to have the world’s third largest nuclear
arsenal, but it transferred it to Russia in exchange for a
commitment to respect its borders and sovereignty, a
commitment Russia violated when it invaded and annexed
Ukraine’s Crimean Peninsula. That pact, known as the Budapest
Agreement, is just one of several Russia has signed and
brazenly violated.“18
It must be understood that in these matters for both the
Yankees and the Russians the existential question arises,
because one thing both sides know very well, if one of the two
were convinced of winning a war, then this war would probably
be started. At present, however, neither side is in a position
to start the Third World War, there is a military balance
between the USA and Russia. The USA and the Russian
i m p e r i a l i s t s a r e f a c i n g s e r i o u s p r o b l e m s n o t o n l y
internationally but also internally, as well as England,
France, etc.. Germany and China are also not in a good
position at present. If they were, it would happen. However,
there is always the possibility that at any of the many hot
spots in the current international situation, without any
particular intention of one or the other, the fire could flare
up and a new world conflagration could be ignited. The same
contenders of both world wars are preparing for the third one,
but at the moment they are not in a position to do so.
NATO plays as a military alliance – like every imperialist
alliance only temporarily, developing within collusion and
struggle, while the collusion is relative and the struggle is
absolute and therefore this alliance is built on the struggle,
i.e. subjection and violence, on the changing relations of
force (in the case of NATO, the subordination of the other
imperialists that build it up, to the world’s sole hegemonic
superpower, with the incorporation of semi-feudal and semicolonial
countries of the South and East) – a special role as
an instrument mainly of US imperialism. Remember the role of
the “barbarians” and the mercenaries from their colonies for
the Roman Empire and how it collapsed. It is a sign of the
parasitism or decomposition of empires and the collapse it is
in. Some raise the armament of the imperialists to the clouds,
they see them as all-powerful, but this is another sign of
their weakness and collapse, let us remember that the ancient
empires rose when they pondered the courage of their soldiers
and collapsed when they centred on arms. Chairman Mao teaches
us that men and not weapons are the decisive factor in war.
This is the decomposition of imperialism and its everincreasing
artillery, a sign of weakness and not of strength;
look at any history in depth and you will understand, any
military history proves it, why does it (revisionist China)
want to arm itself to the teeth, why does it want to be a
military power? You see: the same path! Not being able to
develop and strengthen their economy, they want to use the
immense mass of a billion people as cannon fodder, they want
to use it by strengthening their military might to be a power
and fight for world domination, also scheming like others like
Germany, like Japan, that from the clash of the two
superpowers should come another power or another dominant
superpower. Chairman Gonzalo analysed this with great reason.
German imperialism and the EU, which it mainly leads, are
weeping bitterly at having been virtually excluded from the
negotiations. Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov underlined this
situation in a particularly impressive way in a conversation
with German Foreign Minister Baerbock, when he explained how
important this conversation was, since US-Russian relations
were of particular importance.
The German Foreign Minister appeared correspondingly
“friendly” in Moscow: “At Tuesday’s joint press conference in
Moscow Baerbock practised verbal disarmament, emphasised
similarities in culture and business, […] called for dialogue
and diplomacy in the Russia – Ukraine conflict. […] Words on
the continuing needs for Russian gas… After all, Baerbock
wants to keep in touch with the Russians’.”19
Senior EU representatives also cried about the results of the
relative weakness of this alliance: “EU foreign policy chief
Josep Borrell is also doing the EU a disservice by complaining
that he would not be asked if it were about security in Europe
and Ukraine.”20
“On 12 and 13 January 2022, the informal meeting of EU defence
ministers (iVM) took place virtually in Brest, France. […] the
situation in Ukraine was discussed. Support for Ukraine in the
framework of the European Peace Fund and the fight against
disinformation in view of possible responses to non-state
actor interference were also raised.
Issues such as space and associated EU strategic interests
were discussed in several working sessions. There was a broad
consensus that the EU should become more involved in this
sphere […]
The focus of the meeting, however, was the joint discussion
between EU foreign and defence ministers on further
adjustments to the current draft of the strategic compass.
The strategic compass is intended to guide the EU’s future
actions. It is a further step on the road to better
cooperation in the field of security and defence and dates
back to a German initiative.
The Strategic Compass was launched during the German
presidency of the EU Council. It is due to be adopted by
member states in March this year. It aims to give the EU a
direction for future action and is a further step towards
better cooperation in the field of security and defence.
The fundamental satisfaction with the document was clear from
the debate. Suggestions for improvements and additions that
have been made are now being discussed in the Political and
Security Committee.“21
These wishes and ideas that exist within the EU are an
expression of the aspirations of German imperialism. Today,
however, they are quite illusory. German imperialism is not
yet advanced enough in its striving to make the leap to become
a superpower, while subjugating the other members of the EU,
to seriously challenge the Yankees or the Russians. Their
hopes depend on a US-Russian confrontation in which both are
weakened in order to advance to superpower status. They are
riding two horses, they can fall off again.
But in the meantime, the subordination of German imperialism
to the Yankees is once again confirmed by the planned military
hospital, the largest outside the USA, near Kaiserslautern in
western Germany. We also recall in this context the
surveillance of former German Chancellor Merkel’s phone, or
the spying network node in Frankfurt.
Whatever they can do, the European thieves under German
leadership are doing it. In the dispute with Russia they are
acting, mainly after recognising their inability to deal with
Russia’s military challenge in the wake of events in Ukraine
(rememeber also the failed German-backed coup attempt in
Turkey22), economically, through sanctions. However, they are
cutting themselves in the flesh, as the example of Nord Stream
II shows. There the Germans are forced to submit to the
Yankees. But the lack of supply to Western Europe of raw
materials and energy sources, in this case gas, seems
extremely threatening, because that would mean becoming even
more dependent on the Yankees, which would frustrate the
German efforts of the last decades. That is why, in addition
to sanctions, which would undoubtedly weaken the Russian
economy enormously, the focus is mainly on subversion.
“We are working together with the EU and its member states to
further develop the Eastern Partnership. States such as
Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia, which are striving to join the
EU, should be able to move closer through coherent
constitutional and market economy reforms. We will react
decisively and reliably to democratic changes and be a partner
of democratic movements. We want to simplify exchanges between
civil society by facilitating specific visas.”23
An article in the “FAZ” shows how difficult economic sanctions
are for the FRG, in the same article the hegemonic status of
the Yankees on the basis of the “dollar economy” is once again
confirmed: “Because the US access to the network organised as
a cooperative, based in Belgium, has long been a source of
frustration and has led Russia and China to develop
alternatives to Swift.
Even Swift should not be happy with the current discussions.
On Monday, the network said it was neutral and operated for
the benefit of its members. “The decision to impose sanctions
on individual countries or entities rests solely with the
relevant government agencies and legislators,” Swift said. One
of the few politicians to express concern about Swift’s
exclusion of Russia these days was the head of CDU Friedrich
Merz. “Questioning Swift could be the nuclear bomb for the
capital markets and also for goods and services relations,” he
said at the weekend. Swift’s strength lies precisely in his
independence. However, as a political pawn, this is being
undermined.”24
Moreover, there are obvious differences within the German
reaction. These find clear expression in the dissatisfaction
expressed by the head of the German “Beamtenbund”, DBB,
Silberbach, on 19 January at the FAZ or the statements of (now
former) German Navy Admiral Schönbach and the reactions to his
dismissal, among others of the former General Inspector of the
German Armed Forces, Kujat, a retired air force general.
But there are also a number of actions by the Russian side to
annoy the other side: „Scores of Ukrainian government websites
were targeted in a cyberattack with threatening text warning
Ukrainians to “be afraid and wait for the worst” and alleging
their personal information has been hacked.
Ukraine claimed Russia was most likely behind the attack,
which affected the websites of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
and a number of other government agencies.
Oleg Nikolenko, Ukraine’s foreign ministry spokesman tweeted
on Friday that the “investigation is still ongoing but the
Security Service of Ukraine has obtained preliminary
indicators suggesting that hacker groups associated with the
Russian secret services may stand behind today’s massive
cyberattack on government websites.”“25
The “Brexit” also plays an important role. British military
capabilities were very important within the EU, as has just
been demonstrated again: “On Tuesday, the Russian government
criticised Britain’s arms deliveries to Ukraine as “extremely
dangerous”. The British action “does not help to reduce
tensions”, a spokesman in Moscow said. Earlier, the British
government announced that it had begun supplying anti-tank
weapons to the Ukrainian military. In addition, a “small
number” of British soldiers will teach the Ukrainian armed
forces how to use the systems, Defence Secretary Ben Wallace
told the House of Commons on Monday night.
… Until now, London has only sold ships and naval equipment to
Ukraine. A contract worth almost two billion euros provides
for the delivery of two minesweepers and the joint
construction of eight ships for the Ukrainian Black Sea
fleet.”26
Canada, which has just been hit by a cyber-attack on
government institutions (suspected to be Russian in origin),
is behaving in a manner analogous to England proving, among
other things, this shows that the former British Empire is
completely losing its status and its relationship with its
former colony in North America has increasingly turned upside
down: “A Canadian military spokesman confirmed this week that
training operations have been underway since 2020 and that a
contingent is currently there that was deployed on January 9
this year. Canada was already supplying Ukraine with sniper
rifles in 2019, and talks about building a Canadian ammunition
and small arms factory in Ukraine have been going on for
years.”27
Ukraine is part of the spoils on dispute, that’s pretty
obvious. The same counts, e.g. for Syria, Yemen, Iraq or
Yugoslavia. This is partition and re-partition par excellence:
„”American representatives sat down at the negotiating table.
There were no demands for the presence of Kiev. So Washington
made it clear that the format “about Ukraine without Ukraine”
for the American authorities is acceptable, if not
preferable.”“2 8
The contest for world hegemony: consequences of the bankruptcy
of revisionism and the collapse of the soviet socialimperialist
superpower.
In the present international panorama there is one sole
hegemonic imperialist superpower, the USA, which as such is
more parasitic or in a more advanced state of decomposition
than the other imperialists, who as imperialists suffer the
greatest decomposition in the present phase of imperialism.
The USA is the main imperialist robber, the main enemy of the
peoples of the world and the worlds counter-revolutionary
gendarme, plus a special role of Russian imperialism as a
nuclear superpower, with a second ranked imperialist powers
economy based on hydrocarbon and other raw materials. These
two have particular contradictions with each other, the US
imperialists to maintain their sole hegemony and the Russian
imperialists based on being an atomic superpower to recover in
the coming decades to be a world superpower to return to
contend for world hegemony, that is why Putin’s tactic is to
provoke and gain time waiting for changes of situations,
changes of force in the international arena that are always
taking place. From this situation comes the greatest danger of
a new world war. In addition, there are the imperialist powers
such as Germany, Japan, France or England and socialimperialist
China, which aspires to be a great power, for the
time being striving to advance as the great Asian power in
order to realise the dream of the Chinese revisionists to be a
superpower by the middle of the present century, but this
depends as in the case of the Germans on the weakening of the
US and Russian imperialists in a conflagration between the
two. The German imperialists and the Chinese socialimperialists
would like to be able to sit on the hill and
watch the tigers fight it out. As for the pretensions and
needs of the Chinese social-imperialists, see for example the
case of Hong Kong or the confrontation over Taiwan. All of
them are experiencing the consequences of the hegemony of US
imperialism, to a greater or lesser extent and in different
aspects and have different tendencies: Britain remains as
always an appendix of its former colony, while Germany is
striving to make the leap to superpower and even France, a
nuclear power, within the framework of the EU subdued to a
certain extent. They also have strong contradictions among
themselves, e.g. “Brexit”. The second order imperialist powers
like Spain, Italy, Austria, the Netherlands, Canada and
Australia move in collusion and struggle among themselves and
in collusion and struggle with the US imperialism, they feel
the political, economical and military pressure of the US
imperialism like the imperialist powers inside the EU, Japan
or China. All of them, this small handful, are fighting each
other for the spoils, the semi-feudal and semi-colonial third
world countries, in which bureaucratic capitalism is
developed, bitterly contested, e.g. Ukraine, Belarus,
Kazakhstan, Syria, Yemen, etc. These are the overwhelming
majority of the countries of the earth and the world’s
population. Their plunder is the basis of the whole existence
of imperialism. On the one hand, today’s world economy is
unthinkable without the blood of the oppressed nations, the
coarsest, dirtiest, most consuming, most life-destroying
manual labour has been outsourced to precisely these Third
World countries, the export of capital to them and the
destruction of capital (nota bene: also the destruction of the
productive forces, including living labour: the bearer of the
commodity workforce) in these countries is of vital importance
for imperialism and its crisis management strategies. On the
other hand, without the bribery of the upper, but diminishing,
layer of the working class in the imperialist countries, which
is made possible through the super-profit they extract from
the export of capital to the Third World, the contradiction
between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie would sharpen to
the extreme and explode there.
The spoils the imperialists are contenting over are the
oppressed nations – the oppressed nations are home of the
immense masses of the earth
Revolution is the main trend in history, yes. It is the main
trend in the world, historically and politically; that is what
we must emphasise, it is not simply that it is the historical
perspective but that it is political, it is already the order
of the day and that is what we must strive for. This fits in
with the 50 to 100 years, otherwise why did Chairman Mao give
us a masterly calculation: 50 to 100 years, because in that
period imperialism and reaction must and will be wiped off the
face of the earth, and that is the world revolution.
It is well put together, the military principle is well put
together: world revolution, tendency, weight of the masses, 50
to 100 years, period; it is specifying and that is masterly,
it is unfortunate that it is not seen like that. Hegemony, US
imperialism as the only hegemonic imperialist superpower, but
there is another one which, although weakened, is still a
nuclear superpower, which is what worries US imperialism. That
is why there are two powers that can develop a world war – US
imperialism or Russian imperialism – paper tigers, said
Chairman Mao; they are not to be feared, they can be
punctured, so he has taught. “Atomic war”, how to oppose
atomic war: “first condemn it and then prepare in advance to
oppose it with people’s war”. What Chairman Mao has put
forward all fits together.
Now, the problem of the oppressed nations: Are they or are
they not the ones that are home to the immense masses of the
earth? Two-thirds or seventy percent, immense masses. The
oppressed nations have the immense masses of the earth;
moreover, the growth of the masses is immensely greater than
the increase of the oppressors in the oppressing nations, of
the oppressing countries, of imperialisms, even considering
that they themselves oppress their own people; just look at
the growth rates, that it is 70% of the new children that are
born in the backward world and this is going to go on,
increasing more and more. This is good, because the weight of
the masses in history has begun to express itself more and
more, and this is fundamental; if the masses make history, and
this is a very great truth, then the weight of the masses will
decide the revolution in the world, and where is this weight,
then, in the oppressed nations? There is not much to discuss,
if they are material realities, facts; to close one’s eyes to
them is foolishness. The latest reports illustrate that by the
end of this century the population of Spain, Italy, China and
other imperialist countries will have halved.
“As well as the economic and political relations that are
unfolding through the process of the decomposition of
imperialism”. Very important. Chairman Mao said, that the
decomposition of imperialism is greater every day – with his
own positions, he puts forward that. Who can deny the greater
decomposition of imperialism every day. Isn’t it sinking more
and more? It is decomposing, it is rotting; if some can invoke
that they produce more, and what the hell does it matter, that
is the problem; on the contrary, if they produce more, this
proves that there are all the means to satisfy the elementary
needs.
By way of conclusions
The development of the international situation, of the class
struggle on the world level is fully revealing the aspects of
certain contradictions, internal and external, through the
imperialist rulers’ own mouths. Because in these crisis
situations the imperialists and reactionaries deviate from
their usual norm of concealing their misdeeds, as Chairman Mao
taught us.
Today we see, in order to answer the attacks of the other
faction, the ruling faction in the USA, represented by the
“Democrats” (the Biden presidency, supported and voted by the
revisionist renegade Bob Avakian and the so-called “RCP-USA”)
and the other represented by the “Republicans”, or to answer
the accusations of the imperialists against each other, have
been forced to publish authentic facts of their aggression in
collusion and struggle against the oppressed nations in the
last three decades for the partition and re-partition of the
countries that were part of the former social-imperialist
Soviet Union, including former Yugoslavia, because of its
historical links with the former tsarist empire, and Syria.
Today all this history of the last three decades is
concentrated, summarised or condensed in what has been called
the “Ukraine crisis”. This “crisis” and the consequent
negotiations are part of the development of the imperialist
contradiction in the middle of collusion and struggle against
the interests of an oppressed country, thus two contradictions
of today’s world are being expressed.
We also argue that this is where the differences of power and
interests between the USA and Russia, as well as other
secondary actors, appear or show themselves in this situation;
that there are three interests and two contradictions, that is
obvious: Ukraine, an oppressed nation; the USA wants to
control Ukraine and to be recognised as its new zone of
influence within the “NATO-expansion”; Russia wants to defend
its interests there, that is obvious, and it to be recognised
as the red line that must not be crossed by the zone of
influence of US imperialism: could the power of the USA be
compared with that of Russia today? Although Russia is a
nuclear superpower and maintains the situation of strategic
equilibrium with the sole imperialist superpower, US
imperialism. If we take the situation of both contenders as a
whole, Russian imperialism constitutes the weak side (the
skinny dog) and US imperialism represents the strong side in
this contradiction (the fat dog).
The occupation of strategic positions by US imperialism and
its instrument NATO, in collusion and struggle with its
“allies”, which were previously under the control of Soviet
social imperialism (Warsaw Pact) and later by its heir
imperialist Russia, is evident.
Russian imperialism has been able to maintain through open
warfare and its “hybrid warfare” vital positions in Georgia,
Moldova, Belarus, Chechnya, the Asian republics of the former
Soviet Union in Central Asia. In 2014, Russia with the
o c c u p a t i o n o f C r i m e a a n d t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f h i s
protectorates of the “people’s republics of Donetsk and
Luhansk” through his “hybrid war”, reacting against the
pretension of the German imperialists in collusion and
struggle with the US imperialists (who in the face of German
weakness took the baton) to control Ukraine, a strategic
position that was going to close the siege against Russia on
its western flank, prevented its corridor through the Black
Sea to the Mediterranean Sea and its bases in Syria. Where,
since 2011, US imperialism, with the “regime-change”, has been
trying to change hands of the country in order to subject it
to its control.
There are other imperialists Germany and France, which with
Russia and Ukraine have formed the so-called “Normandy
Format”, suffer from the impositions of the US imperialism,
for example, the “economic sanctions” imposed by the US
imperialism affect them directly because of the hegemony of
the so-called “dollar economy” as an expression of the
hegemony of the finance capital of US imperialism. They are
interested in maintaining special relations with Russia and
their intentions to advance to superpowers go through the
weakening of US imperialism in a war with Russia, which is
also the dream of the Chinese social-imperialists. The British
imperialists are as always on the tail of US imperialism, but
they have a government in a severe crisis with Boris Johnson.
After the negative response of the United States in the letter
expressing its rejection of Russia’s main claim that Ukraine
will not join NATO and that it will withdraw from countries
that joined NATO after 1997, but leaving open the diplomatic
track to deal with secondary issues, Putin’s response in a
telephone conversation with Macron, who said that the United
States and NATO did not take into account Russia’s fundamental
concerns, told Macron that he had “no offensive intentions”
but did not rule out the diplomatic track, which will remain
open even if only to deal with other secondary issues of
Europe’s security. It is clear, therefore, who is the stronger
and that both are about to ease up on this burning issue and
that the major collusion points to the US imperialists being
about to reach an agreement to defuse the tension on this
issue and therefore in Syria, so that the US imperialists
would have a free hand for China.
This development of the two contradictions mentioned above is
driving the bourgeoisie-proletariat contradiction in the
imperialist countries themselves. All three contradictions are
sharpening, contrary to what is maintained by the opportunists
who have tried as always to veil the deep contradictions of
imperialism in an attempt to deny that imperialism is in a
phase of greater decomposition, in a more advanced state of
decay, and that it is sinking into a complex series of wars of
all kinds whose sweep is being carried out by the world
proletarian revolution through the people’s wars taking place
in the world today, to which new ones will be added as suits
to the new period of revolutions into which the world is
entering.
The oppressed nations have the immense mass of the earth;
moreover, the growth of the masses is immensely greater than
the increase of the oppressors in the oppressing nations, of
the oppressing countries, of imperialism, even considering
that they themselves oppress their own peoples; just look at
the growth rates.
With that we have exposed with incontestable facts from the
world scene the foundations of the Maoist thesis of three
worlds are outlined. But we will come back to this in future
articles.
So we see three fundamental contradictions in the world today
(the fourth contradiction, socialism-capitalism, exists today
only in the sphere of ideas):
1. principally, the imperialism-oppressed nations
contradiction;
2. the inter-imperialist contradiction
3. The proletariat-bourgeoisie contradiction (which has a
particular expression in the oppressed nations and the new
democratic revolution, since the national (or middle)
bourgeoisie in these countries can and must be part of the
united front, i.e., it is a contradiction within the people,
which will only be resolved by the socialist revolution, in
which the new democratic revolution must directly pass into
without any interruption.
As Chairman Mao tought: “This monopoly capitalism, closely
tied up with foreign imperialism, the domestic landlord class
and the old-type rich peasants, has become comprador, feudal,
state-monopoly capitalism. Such is the economic base of Chiang
Kai-shek’s reactionary regime. This state-monopoly capitalism
oppresses not only the workers and peasants but also the urban
petty bourgeoisie, and it injures the middle bourgeoisie.
[…] This capital is popularly known in China as bureaucratcapital.
This capitalist class, known as the bureaucratcapitalist
class, is the big bourgeoisie of China. Besides
doing away with the special privileges of imperialism in
China, the task of the new-democratic revolution at home is to
abolish exploitation and oppression by the landlord class and
by the bureaucrat-capitalist class (the big bourgeoisie),
change the comprador, feudal relations of production and
unfetter the productive forces. The upper petty bourgeoisie
and middle bourgeoisie, oppressed and injured by the landlords
and big bourgeoisie and their state power, may take part in
the new democratic revolution or stay neutral, though they are
themselves bourgeois. They have no ties, or comparatively few,
with imperialism and are the genuine national bourgeoisie.
Wherever the state power of New Democracy extends, it must
firmly and unhesitatingly protect them.”29
Further. We emphasize: “But whatever happens, there is no
doubt at all that at every stage in the development of a
process, there is only one principal contradiction which plays
the leading role.
Hence, if in any process there are a number of contradictions,
one of them must be the principal contradiction playing the
leading and decisive role, while the rest occupy a secondary
and subordinate position. Therefore, in studying any complex
process in which there are two or more contradictions, we must
devote every effort to finding its principal contradiction.
Once this principal contradiction is grasped, all problems can
be readily solved.”30
“Today, there are still three major contradictions in the old
w o r l d , a s S t a l i n p o i n t e d o u t l o n g a g o : f i r s t , t h e
contradiction between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie in
the imperialist countries; second, the contradiction between
the various imperialist powers; and third, the contradiction
between the colonial and semi-colonial countries and the
imperialist metropolitan countries. Not only do these three
contradictions continue to exist but they are becoming more
acute and widespread. Because of their existence and growth,
the time will come when the reactionary anti-Soviet, anti-
Communist and anti-democratic counter-current still in
existence today will be swept away.”31
The imperialist world faces the Third World as a colossus with
feet of clay and it does not seem so colossal when you
consider that 2/3 of the population lives in the oppressed
nations and that in total it is at most ten percent who
actually benefit from this system. Yes, the imperialists now
have in their hands the most cruel and deadly weapons in human
history and genocide is their daily work, but their impotence
in the face of the peoples of the world is becoming more and
more evident (note the defeat in Afghanistan, the continued
failures in Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Mali, etc.) and likewise
towards the international proletariat (note the crisis of
bourgeois democracy concentrated in the crisis of parliament).
Don’t believe in fairy tales about the end of history, don’t
allow convergences, smash, burn and sweep. Matter advances and
so does human society as its expression. Marxism is allpowerful
because it is true, because it is scientific. The
Entente could not defeat revolutionary Russia. The coalition
of Japanese and American imperialism failed to defeat the
Chinese Revolution. The people’s wars in Peru, India, Turkey
and the Philippines cannot be defeated, they will inevitably
win.
But a child who learns to walk falls down. However, it does
not lose its ability to get up and walk again. This is our
path. This is the process of struggle between restoration and
counter-restoration. Yes, socialism was lost by the black, the
blackest black, in our own ranks. This was also the only way
in which the people’s war in Nepal could be led to its
temporary defeat. But this pain, like a child learning to
walk, is a prerequisite for the new that will inevitably come,
triumph and shine.
“The next fifty or hundred years from now will be an epic
period of fundamental change in the social system of the
world, an earth-shaking period, with which no past era can be
compared. Living in such a period, we must be prepared to
carry out great struggles, differing in many respects from the
forms of struggle of previous periods. In order to carry out
this task, we must do our very best to combine the universal
truth of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete reality of Chinese
socialist construction and with the concrete reality of future
world revolution and, through practice, gradually come to
understand the objective laws of the struggle. We must be
prepared to suffer many defeats and set-backs as a result of
our blindness, thereby gaining experience and winning final
victory.”32
„The first stage covers the period of the enemy’s strategic
offensive and our strategic defensive. The second stage will
be the period of the enemy’s strategic consolidation and our
preparation for the counter-offensive. The third stage will be
the period of our strategic counter-offensive and the enemy’s
strategic retreat. It is impossible to predict the concrete
situation in the three stages, but certain main trends in the
war may be pointed out in the light of present conditions. The
objective course of events will be exceedingly rich and
varied, with many twists and turns, and nobody can cast a
horoscope …“33
These concrete statements on the war of resistance against
Japan must be applied in general to the world proletarian
revolution and its course. The lessons of more than one and a
half century of struggle are on our side. Focused and
expressed in its fullest expression by Chairman Gonzalo. Today
we have Marxism-Leninism-Maoism and with it the style and
method of work. If the question of the Cultural Revolution is
truly the solution to the question of how to win the struggle
between Restoration and Counter-Restoration, today it is the
people’s war that is at the centre of our attention, because
that is what we are doing and what must be done. As Lenin
confirms to us: “In view of the undoubted honesty of those
broad sections of the mass believers in revolutionary
defencism who accept the war only as a necessity, and not as a
means of conquest, in view of the fact that they are being
deceived by the bourgeoisie, it is necessary with particular
thoroughness, persistence and patience to explain their error
to them.”34
1Lenin, „Report on the international situation and the
fundamental tasks of the Communist International“
2pagina|12, „No hubo acuerdo, pero hay diálogo“, January 11,
2022; our translation
3kommersant.ru, “Посол США передал в МИД РФ ответ на
российские требования о гарантиях безопасности”, January 26,
2022; our translation
4The New York Times, “U.S. Offers ‘Diplomatic Path’ in Answer
to Russian Demands”, January 26, 2022
5politico.eu, “US, NATO deliver written replies to Russia on
security demands”, January 26, 2022
6FOCUS-Online, “Analyse von Thomas Jäger: Nato zeigt sich
machtlos gegen Putin – der nimmt nun weiter die Ukraine ins
Visier”, January 15, 2022; our translation
7CNN, “Putin’s big miscalculation” Opinion by Frida Ghitis,
January 14, 2022
8Global Times, “What is behind the unrest in Kazakhstan?”,
January 13, 2022
9RT, “Tatsachen schaffen: Ukraine mit Kriegshilfen und
“NATO+”-Status zur Verhandlungsmasse aufblähen”, January 16,
2022; our translation
10Deutsche Welle, “RUSSLAND UND KASACHSTAN: Putin will
“farbige Revolutionen” in Ex-Sowjetrepubliken unterbinden”,
January 10, 2022; our translation
11FOCUS-Online, “Analyse von Thomas Jäger: Nato zeigt sich
machtlos gegen Putin – der nimmt nun weiter die Ukraine ins
Visier”, January 15, 2022; our translation
12Global Times, “Delusional for US to overwhelm China and
Russia by brute force: Global Times editorial”, January 11,
2022
13Taiwan is part of China, nowadays its role is the one of an
outpost of Yankee-imperialism.
14pagina|12, „No hubo acuerdo, pero hay diálogo“, 11 January
2022; our translation
15https://fr.sputniknews.com/20220110/en-continu-les-pourparle
r s - r u s s i e - u s a - s u r - l a - s e c u r i t e - d e b u t e n t - a -
geneve-1054260062.html; our translation
16https://ria.ru/20220116/intervyu-1768113957.html?in=t; our
translation
17https://ria.ru/20220117/evropa-1768184807.html?in=t; our
translation
18CNN, “Putin’s big miscalculation” Opinion by Frida Ghitis,
January 14, 2022
19Deutsche Welle, “Meinung: Annalena Baerbocks verbale
Abrüstung in Moskau”, January 18, 2022; our translation
20Deutsche Welle, “Meinung: Putin triumphiert, der Westen
rotiert”, January 09, 2022; our translation
2 1 G e r m a n F e d e r a l M i n i s t r y o f D e f e n c e , “ E U -
Verteidigungsministerinnen und -minister beraten strategischen
Kompass”, January 17, 2022; our translation
22The (probably) German agent Deniz Yücel wrote after the
attempted coup in the “WELT”: „Does Erdogan not uses his
voters to establish an authoritarian regime? In short: Are the
putschists not only to be blamed because they failed?“, WELT,
„Recep Tayyip Erdogan, das ewige Opfer“, July 18, 2016; our
translation
23„Mehr Fortschritt wagen Bündnis für Freiheit, Gerechtigkeit
und Nachhaltigkeit“, Koalitionsvertrag 2021 – 2025 zwischen
der Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands (SPD), BÜNDNIS 90
/ DIE GRÜNEN und den Freien Demokraten (FDP); the coalition
agreement of the new government of the FRG
24Frankfurter Allgemeine, “ZAHLUNGSVERKEHR: Warum ein Swift-
Ausschluss Russlands ein zweischneidiges Schwert ist”, January
17, 2022; our translation
25CNN, “Cyberattack hits Ukraine government websites”, Januar
15, 2022
26Frankfurter Allgemeine, “KRISE MIT RUSSLAND: Großbritannien
liefert Panzerabwehrwaffen an die Ukraine”, January 18, 2022;
our translation
27taz, “Ukraine-Russland-Konflikt: Nato erweitert
Militärhilfe”, January 18, 2022; our translation
28https://iz.ru/1275082/ekaterina-tiunina/puskat-ne-veleno-sam
mit-v-zheneve-rasstroil-ukrainskie-vlasti; our translation
29Mao tse-tung, “The present situation and our tasks”
30Mao Tse-tung, „On Contradiction“
31Mao Tse-Tung, „The foolish old man who removed the
mountains“
32Mao Tse-tung, “Talk At An Enlarged Working Conference
Convened By The Central Committee Of The Communist Party Of
China”
33Mao Tse-tung, “On protracted war”
34Lenin, „The Tasks of the Proletariat in the Present
Revolution